The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has released a clinical report on lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood (grade C recommendation [lacking direct evidence]); this replaces the 1998 policy statement on cholesterol in childhood. Recommendations include increased physical activity and dietary changes for children who are at risk of overweight or obesity, and screening with a fasting lipid profile between ages 2-10 years in children with a family history of dyslipidemia or premature cardiovascular disease of dyslipidemia (or if unknown family history or presence of other cardiovascular disease risk factors). Consider pharmacologic interventions in patients ≥ 8 years old with LDL-cholesterol level ≥ 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) (≥ 160 mg/dL [4.1 mmol/L] with family history of early heart disease or ≥ 2 additional risk factors present, or ≥ 130 mg/dL [3.4 mmol/L] if diabetes mellitus). As the authors note, there is a lack of data to support specific evidence-based recommendations for cholesterol screening or implementing pharmacologic treatment in children (Pediatrics 2008 Jul;122(1):198). For more information, see the Cholesterol screening and management for cardiovascular disease prevention topic in DynaMed.